to NATO Allied Command Transformation (ACT). Introduction Iranian and Russian versions of “hybrid” or “non-linear” warfare in Iraq and eastern Ukraine have had much in common. ple, defines hybrid warfare as conflict involving a combination of conventional military forces and irregulars (guerrillas, insurgents, and terrorists), which could include both state and non-state actors, aimed at achieving a common political purpose. Definition of hybrid warfare in the Definitions.net dictionary. Hybrid tactics, which include cyber-attacks, disinformation and economic interference, are increasingly used against NATO and EU member countries. It is an amorphous definition for an amorphous strategy. What is it?” he added. Hybrid war strategies are always underway, although at certain moments they may become more acute and intense or cross over into conventional combat operations. Potential of hybrid warfare 15 5. Trump wants NATO to be more involved in the Middle East. ‘hybrid warfare’ and ‘hybrid threats’ to provide further clarity. BACHMANN, Hybrid Threats, cyber warfare and NATO’s comprehensive approach for countering 21st century threats: mapping the new frontier of global risk and security management. Meaning of hybrid warfare. Hybrid warfare often exists in a gray area between war and peace, ... NATO’s eastern flank by targeting ethnic Russian minorities. Hybrid warfare is a term that sought to capture the blurring and blending of previously separate categories of conflict. Some $400 billion will be spent on defense investment by European nations and Canada by 2024‎, but more needs to be done, he said. Iran fallout deepens rift between America and Europe. “We must be on the hunt for the next great geopolitical disrupters like climate change, or the next technological advancement that changes the game completely,” he said. Hybrid warfare can be used to describe the flexible and complex dynamics of the battlespace requiring a highly adaptable and resilient respo It was inaugurated in October 2017 by NATO Secretary General Jens Stoltenberg, together with European Union High Representative for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy/Vice-President of the European Commission Federica Mogherini. London Declaration. In the last decade, some of the most important military forces and coalitions in the world, including the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), have attempted to address and counter so-called hybrid threats. author and do not necessarily reflect the opinions of the NATO Defense College or the North Atlantic Treaty Organization. Emerging technologies like hypersonic missiles and quantum‎ computing are changing the threat landscape, the defense secretary said, urging that NATO must to understand the challenges and adapt accordingly. The period of the Vietnam War from 1962 to 1968 would fit the definition of hybrid war until the Tet Offensive in 1968 when the Viet Cong ceased to exist as a serious military threat. Hybrid wars are, broadly defined, conflicts involving one or more nonstate actors that nevertheless possess the attributes of a state’s military. The definition encompasses the key elements of hybrid warfare: conventional and non-conventional, blurring of domains and involving elements previously allocated to the unlawful domain. Hybrid threats combine military and non-military as well as covert and overt means, including disinformation, cyber attacks, economic pressure, deployment of irregular armed groups and use of regular forces. The third and fourth parts address the implications of each challenge for national Defence policy, strategy and capability. One possible definition of hybrid warfare proposed by NATO is war where the objective is achieved by integrating military, paramilitary and civilian measures, trying to influence policymakers and decision-makers. Rather than develop strategies based on ‘hybrid’ challenges (an elusive and catch-all term), I … As part of their increasingly closer cooperation, NATO and the EU have stepped up their cooperation on dealing with hybrid threats, with a special focus on countering cyber attacks. ‘Hybrid warfare’, sometimes known as ‘hybrid threats’, became a trendy buzzword in recent years, used to describe a panoply of seemingly different threats. 21), 2016 Warsaw Summit Declaration (para. The main objective of the analysis is the study of NATO, The North Atlantic Treaty Organization, in its approach to hybrid warfare, as defined by Frank G. Hoffman in “Hybrid Warfare and Challenges”. Thus, the purpose of this article is to contribute to the understanding the hybrid warfare by developing a perceptional map, which will, if possible, pave the way to new theories by creating taxonomy as a result of Multidimensional Scaling (MDS) analysis. ... #Communication, #intelligence, #NATO, The link was added 14 September 2020. Finally, the prospect of both challenges occurring in parallel is considered. There is a high probability that he will intervene in the Baltics to test NATO's Article 5, putin knows that if he crosses the red line and attacks a Nato ally, he will be defeated. "When‎ leaders meet tomorrow they will agree a plan for NATO's response to emerging and disruptive technology, recognising two new operational domains in space and cyber, and develop plans to confront and deter hybrid tactics," Wallace told an international audience of defense analysts and policymakers. It risks creating the impression that hybrid tactics can exist separately from Russia’s military capabilities. Russia’s Hybrid War in Ukraine: Breaking the Enemy’s Ability to Resist The Finnish Institute of International Affairs, FIIA report (16 June 2015) NATO and New Ways of Warfare: Defeating Hybrid … The advent of cyber warfare, hybrid warfare, the militarisation of space and the use of artificial intelligence are examples that necessitate that we transform policies, strategies, concepts, doctrine, procedures as well as capabilities and human capital to meet current and future challenges. Hybrid methods of warfare, such as propaganda, deception, sabotage and other non-military tactics have long been used to destabilise adversaries. Hybrid warfare — also known as grey zone conflict or low-intensity conflict — is a reality, and the U.S. military must be ready to confront and deter it, a senior intelligence officer said. Ukraine sees two paths for joining NATO. The Alliance has developed a strategy on its role in countering hybrid warfare to help address these threats. Hybrid warfare is the effort to achieve strategic objectives without using significant force, the general said. NATO continues to strengthen its cooperation and coordination with such partners as Finland, Sweden, Ukraine and the European Union (EU) to counter hybrid threats and enhance resilience. NATO’s response to hybrid threats 18 Bibliography 20 II. It will deter hybrid attacks on the Alliance and, if necessary, will defend Allies concerned. The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) alliance currently faces not only a conventional threat from Russia, but also a more insidious threat—that of hybrid warfare. B. NATO’ S . By combining kinetic operations with subversive efforts, the aggressor intends to avoid attribution or retribution. The primary responsibility to respond to hybrid threats or attacks rests with the targeted nation. 3 Part of the conceptual confusion stems from the fact that there is no standard, commonly-accepted definition of hybrid warfare. The European Centre of Excellence for Countering Hybrid Threats located in Helsinki, Finland serves as a hub of expertise, assisting participating countries in improving their civil-military capabilities, resilience and preparedness to counter hybrid threats. Countering hybrid threats is a priority for EU-NATO cooperation and the new European Centre of Excellence for Countering Hybrid Threats in Helsinki plays a unique role. What is new about attacks seen in recent years is their speed, scale and intensity, facilitated by rapid technological change and global interconnectivity. An analyst looks at code in the malware lab of a cyber security defense lab. Amicus Curiae (Eds.) A recent experiment raised important issues concerning how NATO does business. (I analyzed this idea in more depth here.). 72), Euro-Atlantic Disaster Response Coordination Centre (EADRCC), NATO Public Diplomacy Division’s Co-Sponsorship Grants. Address: 11b Kalnciema str. "(5) Both of these definitions align with Frank Hoffman's vision of hybrid warfare, which is also the most predominantly accepted military National Security Advisers meet at NATO Headquarters, NATO Deputy Secretary General to speak on Countering Hybrid Threats, Secretary General participates in Hybrid Centre of Excellence inauguration with Finnish leaders and EU High Representative, Remarks by NATO Secretary General Jens Stoltenberg at the Inauguration of the Helsinki Centre of Excellence for Countering Hybrid Threats, with EU High Representative Federica Mogherini. This strategy is called a hybrid war, he said, and NATO is coming to grips with the concept. Phone: +371 26533953. e-mail: info [at] stratcomcoe [dot] org If the new threat is so complex, political, and subtle, shouldn’t the response be the same? Other Centres of Excellence contribute to NATO’s efforts to counter hybrid threats, including the Strategic Communications Centre of Excellence in Riga, Latvia; the Cooperative Cyber Defence Centre of Excellence in Tallinn, Estonia; and the Energy Security Centre of Excellence in Vilnius, Lithuania. . Over the last few years, “hybrid warfare” has become firmly established in the Western security lexicon. “Maintain technological edge is the only way we can avoid obsolescence,” he warned. Besides, the definitions of some terms that are widely associated with hybrid warfare are provided. a rather new threat definition and its (temporary) inclusion in the North Atlantic Treaty Organization’s (NATO) new comprehensive defence approach with a reflection on the last Swedish experiment. The term hybrid threat refers to an action conducted by state or non-state actors, whose goal is to undermine or harm a target by combining overt and covert military and non-military means. When Dr Andrew Mumford published Proxy Warfare in 2013, one reviewer called it “an important contribution to our understanding of war” (Professor James Wirtz, the Dean of the US Naval Postgraduate School). Search for documents on Hybrid Warfare on the NATO website. While neither the European Union (EU) nor the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation ( NATO) appear to have a clear definition of this term, both organisations are taking steps to ‘counter . A strategy and actionable implementation plans on NATO’s role in countering hybrid warfare … Hybrid warfare has been in the limelight for more than a decade within the Western strategic discourse. The speed, scale and intensity of hybrid threats have increased in recent years. NATO will ensure that the Alliance and Allies are sufficiently prepared to counter hybrid attacks in whatever form they may materialise. Part 1 – ‘Hybrid warfare’ and ‘hybrid threats’ are Sweden’s defense minister on relations with America, Russian threats and the European Union. In the words of one NATO/ACT official, the task is to “paint the face on the faceless enemy”3 and to develop the hybrid threat concept, as well as examine viable and effective strategies to meet hybrid threats. The same issue … What is new about attacks seen in recent years is their speed, scale and intensity, facilitated by rapid technological change and global interconnectivity. What keeps Britain’s defense secretary up at night? D. EFINITION. Hybrid methods of warfare, such as propaganda, deception, sabotage and other non-military tactics have long been used to destabilise adversaries. Hybrid warfare is a term that sought to capture the blurring and blending of previously separate categories of conflict. British military doctrine, in contrast, follows Huber’s definition, and captures hybrid warfare as an aspect of irregu - lar warfare. Venues for future: proposed measures for improving the ability of states to face hybrid warfare 17 6. Viewed from this perspective, hybrid warfare … 3 Countering hybrid warfare Executive summary The international consensus on ‘hybrid warfare’ is clear: no one understands it, but everyone, including NATO and the European Union, agrees it is a problem. Riga, LV1048, Latvia. “Future Warfare: The Rise of Hybrid Wars.” The term hybrid warfare has no consistent definition but generally refers to deniable and covert actions, supported by the threat or use of conventional and/or nuclear forces, to … Hybrid Warfare : Fighting Complex Opponents from the Ancient World to the Present by Murray, Williamson & Mansoor, Peter R. Confusion and disorder ensue when weaponize… 4 British military doctrine, in contrast, follows Huber’s definition, and captures hybrid warfare as an aspect of irregu - lar warfare. The Pentagon looks to shore up potential holes in the U.S. missile defense system, a WWE star reveals how service in the Marine Corps helped make her a success, and Military Times editors look ahead to the biggest stories they'll be tracking in 2021 as the new year gets underway - it's Defense News Weekly for January 4, 2021. By giving us your email, you are opting in to the Early Bird Brief. It uses a blend of military, economic, diplomatic, criminal, and informational means to achieve desired political goals. Recognizing Russia would stand little chance of winning a protracted conventional conflict with NATO, Moscow seeks instead to pursue its interests without overt use of military power if possible. Increasing resilience of the Czech Republic to hybrid threats 24 Miroslav Mareš 1. This sends a strong signal that the Alliance is improving both its political and military responsiveness and its ability to deploy appropriate forces to the right place at the right time. We know now that the Viet Cong movement was totally controlled by Hanoi, but many Americans still believe that it was a native movement within South Vietnam. Inauguration of Hybrid CoE with NATO Secretary General and EUHR Mogherini - Q&A, NATO Secretary General press point at inauguration of Hybrid CoE, Inauguration of the European Centre of Excellence for Countering Hybrid Threats, NATO Deputy Secretary General on countering hybrid threats, 15 FEB 2018, 1/2, Statement on the implementation of the Joint Declaration signed by the President of the European Council, the President of the European Commission, and the Secretary General of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, 2018 Brussels Summit Declaration (para. As we shall soon discover, Hybrid Warfare (HW) has much older origins than would first be assumed. The NATO alliance faces not only a conventional threat from Russia, but also one that is more insidious in nature—hybrid warfare. The reality of hybrid war is ever-changing intensity of conflict. On 1 December 2015, NATO Secretary General Jens Stoltenberg and then European Union High Representative for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy, Federica Mogherini, announced the launching of a new hybrid warfare program and a new NATO hybrid warfare strategy. The definition encompasses the key elements of hybrid warfare: conventional and non-conventional, blurring of domains and involving elements previously allocated to the unlawful domain. What does hybrid warfare mean? During the last five years, this slippery concept … The first definition of hybrid warfare is given by Hoffman. Hybrid CoE Hybrid CoE is an independent, network-based international organisation countering hybrid threats. It economizes the use of force. Hybrid warfare occupies the uncomfortable middle ground between conventional and unconventional warfare, mixing elements of both in the process. NATO also serves as a hub for expertise, providing support to Allies in areas such as civil preparedness and chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear (CBRN) incident response; critical infrastructure protection; strategic communications; protection of civilians; cyber defence; energy security; and counter-terrorism. NATO to define plan to counter Russia’s hybrid warfare tactics. It continues to increase the readiness and preparedness of its forces, and has strengthened its decision-making process and its command structure as part of its deterrence and defence posture. News, Official Texts, Opinions) Defending against Hybrid Threats. A nonlinear war is fought when a state employs conventional and irregular military forces in conjunction with psychological, economic, political, and cyber assaults. This thesis uses the Williamson Murray and McGregor Knox definitions of Military Revolution (MR) and Revolution in Military Affairs (RMA) in order to determine if hybrid warfare falls under MR or RMA. “One of the things about hybrid war is defining it. Mattis, James N., and Frank G. Hoffman. . Wallace stayed away from responding to French President Emmanuel Macrons controversial view that the alliance was “brain dead," but he, like others in NATO, accept the need for continuing change. Hybrid Warfare is Under the Threshold of Article 5 . . hybrid warfare and determines the definition to be used throughout this study. Let us be quite clear about that. ... What distinguishes this definition of hybrid warfare from those discussed earlier is the emphasis on non-military methods of conflict and, in particular, There is a perception that hybrid warfare is conducted under the threshold of international law, such as Article 51 of UN Charter and Article 5 of NATO, even though the concept does not postulate such a specific understanding. The Alliance supports Allies’ efforts to identify national vulnerabilities and strengthen their own resilience, if requested. This article analyzes the emergence of 'hybrid warfare', which blurs the line between military and civilian forms of organization, both in the conduct and the target of warfare. B. NATO’ S . It also actively counters propaganda – not with more propaganda, but with facts – online, on air and in print. In addition, Centres of Excellence work alongside and contribute knowledge and expertise to the Alliance. 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